ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯋꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ꯫

ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯣꯄꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ, ꯀꯣꯌꯂꯥ, ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ: ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯏ; ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯥ, ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯄꯤꯠ ꯃꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ, ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯈꯤ; ꯍꯥꯏ ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ. 92% ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯣꯍꯁ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯅꯦꯁ 9 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯜꯀ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ 3.60–3.63 g/cm3. 95% ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ (3.68–3.70 g/cm3) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯃꯥꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯰.꯰꯱%ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯆꯪꯗꯦ – ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯖ ꯊꯥꯎ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ, ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫

ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯑꯣ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ ꯕꯣꯗꯤ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯟꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ 1700ꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯟꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯣꯍꯁ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯅꯦꯁ 9 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ 3.65 g/cm3ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯂꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ, ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯅꯦꯁ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯖꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯂꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯄꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯚꯦꯂꯣꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯟꯗꯔꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯆꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯟ ꯲꯲꯰꯰ꯗꯥ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯱꯳-ꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯂꯣꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯂꯔ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯈꯤ꯫ ꯖꯤꯔꯀꯣꯅꯤꯌꯥ-ꯇꯥꯐ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯥ 12ꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯥ ꯶-ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ – ꯃꯁꯤ ꯵꯰꯰% ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯸꯰% ꯍꯟꯊꯈꯤ, ꯂꯦꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯸꯰% ꯍꯟꯊꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯖꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯶ꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯃꯤ ꯵-꯱꯰ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫

ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯣꯌꯂꯥ ꯀꯟꯚꯦꯌꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ 2-3 ꯔꯛ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯂꯤꯀꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯇꯔꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯴꯰% ꯍꯟꯊꯈꯤ꯫ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯀꯥꯔ ꯀꯨꯂꯔ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯆꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯣꯟ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯚꯦꯌꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯃꯤꯂꯁꯤꯡ: ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯐꯔꯅꯦꯁ ꯍꯣꯄꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯤꯟꯇꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯇ ꯆꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯣꯔ, ꯀꯣꯛ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯟꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯁꯥꯎꯊ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯂꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯜꯇꯤ-ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯏꯟ: ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯱꯳ꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯈꯤ; ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯵꯰꯰% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯂꯣꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯸꯰% ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫

ꯇꯦꯁꯦꯔꯥꯅꯥ ꯹꯲% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯹꯵%ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯥ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯃꯤ ꯶-꯵꯰ꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ, ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯄꯦꯖꯣꯏꯗ, ꯍꯦꯛꯁꯥꯒꯣꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯝ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯲-꯳ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯴-꯶ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯝ꯫ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯄꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯍꯠ ꯇꯦꯒꯁ: ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ, ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ꯫